Women = 13.6% of Canadian construction employment 2024; 3–5% on-site; Ontario construction 86.5% male

Claim:

• Women = 13.6% of Canadian construction employment overall in 2024.
• On-site (i.e., excluding office/admin/management roles) women are 3–5%.
• Ontario, 2024: men = 86.5% of construction employment, versus 52.8% across all industries.
• U.S., 2024: women ≈ 11% of construction workforce (BLS); on-site share lower still.

Sources:

• BuildForce Canada, 2024 Annual Labour Market Review.
• Job Bank (Canada), citing Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey for Ontario, 2024.
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey 2024.

Confidence: Verified.

For Candid: Combined with [[cockburn-machinery-of-dominance-gendered-skill]], this is the empirical floor of the claim that services coded feminine-professional face pre-emptive credibility friction in this market. It is not the only thing happening, but it is real and quantified.