{"id":1047,"slug":"women-in-canadian-construction-13-6pct-2024","title":"Women = 13.6% of Canadian construction employment 2024; 3–5% on-site; Ontario construction 86.5% male","kind":"reference","scope":"business","status":"current","audiences":["kevin","candid-team"],"topics":["gc-vertical","psychology-aversion","gender-trades"],"reference_body":"**Claim:**\n\n- Women = **13.6%** of Canadian construction employment overall in 2024.\n- On-site (i.e., excluding office/admin/management roles) women are **3–5%**.\n- **Ontario, 2024:** men = **86.5%** of construction employment, versus 52.8% across all industries.\n- **U.S., 2024:** women ≈ 11% of construction workforce (BLS); on-site share lower still.\n\n**Sources:**\n- BuildForce Canada, 2024 Annual Labour Market Review.\n- Job Bank (Canada), citing Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey for Ontario, 2024.\n- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey 2024.\n\n**Confidence:** Verified.\n\n**For Candid:** Combined with [[cockburn-machinery-of-dominance-gendered-skill]], this is the empirical floor of the claim that services coded feminine-professional face pre-emptive credibility friction in this market. It is not the only thing happening, but it is real and quantified.","rationale_body":null,"metadata":null,"links":{"outgoing":[{"slug":"research-brief-psychology-gc-marketing-aversion-may-2026","title":"Research brief: the psychology of marketing aversion among general contractor owners (May 2026 foundation)","kind":"reference","scope":"business","link_type":"relates-to"}],"incoming":[{"slug":"cockburn-machinery-of-dominance-gendered-skill","title":"Cockburn, Machinery of Dominance (Pluto 1985) and Brothers (1983) — \"skill is a sex/gender weapon\"; technical competence is gender-coded male","kind":"reference","scope":"business","link_type":"relates-to"}]},"created_at":"2026-05-24T23:24:06.253Z","updated_at":"2026-05-24T23:24:06.253Z"}