Reference entries (18)
- reference Timeline 2004–2014: the decade when each of the three historically-expensive parts independently got cheap
- reference NYT 2007/2008 EC2 archive job — one engineer ran OCR on the paper's scanned archive on a personal credit card for ~$200
- reference GPS opened for civilian use after KAL 007 (1983); NOAA began releasing weather data in the 1970s — McKinsey cites both as top open-data economic impact
- reference OpenStreetMap founded 2004 by Steve Coast — response to UK Ordnance Survey not releasing data freely; OSMF established 2006
- reference data.gov launched May 21, 2009 with 47 datasets — now 370,000+ (with >2,000 removed Jan 2025)
- reference D3.js released 2011 by Mike Bostock (with Heer & Ogievetsky, Stanford) — foundational data-viz building block
- reference Auth0 founded 2013 — managed identity, social login, SSO, SAML
- reference Algolia founded 2012 (Dessaigne & Lemoine; Y Combinator W2014) — search-as-a-service, no infra to manage
- reference Elasticsearch first release 2010 — open-source on Apache Lucene; commodity search
- reference Stripe launched 2011 — card data never touches merchant server (Stripe.js → token), removing the heaviest PCI burden
- reference Django created 2003 at Lawrence Journal-World; released publicly 2005 — "batteries-included," built-in admin/auth/ORM
- reference Ruby on Rails open-sourced July 2004 (DHH from Basecamp); v1.0 December 2005 — convention-over-configuration
- reference Rackspace founded 1998 — premium "Fanatical Support" managed hosting; launched budget ServerBeach brand Jan 2003
- reference AWS Lambda previewed November 13, 2014; GA April 9, 2015 — code with no servers to provision
- reference Amazon RDS announced October 2009 (MySQL first); GA May 31, 2011 — managed DB absorbs admin/backup/failover
- reference Internet transit collapsed from $1,200/Mbps (1998) to ~$5/Mbps (2010) — ~240× per DrPeering/Norton series
- reference Amazon EC2 launched as limited public beta August 25, 2006 — single m1.small instance at $0.10/hour
- reference Amazon S3 launched March 14, 2006 at $0.15/GB — object storage as a metered utility
