D3.js released 2011 by Mike Bostock (with Heer & Ogievetsky, Stanford) — foundational data-viz building block

Summary

Claim: D3.js was created by Mike Bostock in 2011 (with Heer & Ogievetsky, Stanford). Became the foundational building block of higher-level chart libraries. Recognized with IEEE VIS 2021 and Information is Beautiful 2022 "Test of Time" awards.

Source: d3js.org.

Confidence: Verified.

Why this matters for Candid: First-on-the-board entry in the data-visualization commodity-parts timeline. Pair with Chart.js (MIT, free) and Highcharts (free non-commercial, ~$590+ commercial) — higher-level charting layer for the higher-level / commercial layer and [[pre-d3-server-rendered-charts]] for the before-state.