Fiorillo, Tobler & Schultz (2003), Science 299 — uncertainty sustains dopamine; the more direct neural correlate of the variable-reinforcement mechanism (still primate electrophysiology)

Claim: Fiorillo, Tobler & Schultz (2003), Science 299, 1898-1902 — the more direct "uncertainty sustains dopamine" finding. Primate electrophysiology, foundational for the mechanism.

Source: Fiorillo, Tobler & Schultz (2003), Science.

Confidence: Verified.

Caveat: Primate, not human-tool-engagement. Same caveat as Schultz, Dayan & Montague (1997), Science 275 — reward-prediction-error signal: unpredicted rewards drive dopamine bursts; fully predicted ones don't; primate electrophysiology.

Why this matters for Candid: Pair with the prior Schultz finding when grounding the neural side of the variable-reinforcement story. Citable when a client asks "what does the brain do under uncertainty," but anchor any practical design recommendation on Shen-Fishbach-Hsee.