Berlyne (1954, British Journal of Psychology; 1960, Conflict Arousal and Curiosity) — intellectual lineage of curiosity as resolving epistemic / conceptual conflict

Claim: Intellectual lineage of Loewenstein 1994 (Loewenstein (1994), Psychological Bulletin 116(1) — information-gap theory: curiosity is cognitively induced deprivation from a perceived gap in knowledge or understanding) traces through William James to D.E. Berlyne — specifically Berlyne (1954), "A theory of human curiosity," British Journal of Psychology 45(3), 180-191, and Berlyne (1960), Conflict, Arousal and Curiosity (McGraw-Hill), which framed curiosity as resolving "epistemic / conceptual conflict."

Source: Berlyne (1954) BJP; Berlyne (1960) book.

Confidence: Verified (foundational).

Why this matters for Candid: Provides historical depth to the Loewenstein citation in any extended client conversation about why tools engage. Not for everyday use.