{"id":1435,"slug":"2025-replication-generation-effect-doesnt-transfer-to-expository","title":"CAVEAT — 2025 conceptual replication (Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications) — generation effect did NOT reliably transfer to learning from expository text; some experiments showed disadvantage","kind":"reference","scope":"business","status":"current","audiences":["kevin","smb-owner","candid-team"],"topics":["editorial-discipline","citation-practices","generation-effect"],"reference_body":"**Caveat:** A **2025 conceptual replication** (*Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications*) found the generation effect **did NOT reliably transfer to learning from expository text** — some experiments even showed a **disadvantage**. So the **lab-robust word-level effect does NOT automatically scale to complex real-world content.**\n\n**Source:** Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications (2025).\n\n**Confidence:** Verified (limit / scaling).\n\n**Why this matters for Candid:** Honest scoping for client conversations — the **d ≈ 0.40 finding is for word-level / short-input generation**, not for \"users learn faster if they generate paragraphs about a complex product.\" Pair with [[rule-make-user-generate-not-just-pick]] but keep the scope realistic.","rationale_body":null,"metadata":null,"links":{"outgoing":[{"slug":"bertsch-2007-generation-effect-meta-d-0-40","title":"Bertsch, Pesta, Wiscott & McDaniel (2007), Memory & Cognition 35(2) — 86-study generation-effect meta: d ≈ 0.40 (\"almost half a standard deviation\"); LARGER at longer retention (d ≈ 0.64 for >1 day)","kind":"reference","scope":"business","link_type":"relates-to"}],"incoming":[{"slug":"research-brief-engagement-mechanisms-top-up-smb-june-2026","title":"Research notes (capture-layer top-up): why interactive online tools are psychologically engaging — six additional mechanisms (June 2026)","kind":"research-notes","scope":"business","link_type":"relates-to"},{"slug":"caveats-engagement-mechanisms-top-up-mechanism-vs-business-outcome","title":"Caveats for the engagement-mechanisms top-up: strong independent evidence sits at the MECHANISM level not the business-outcome level; nearly every effect is moderated","kind":"reference","scope":"business","link_type":"relates-to"},{"slug":"rule-make-user-generate-not-just-pick","title":"R4 — Where appropriate, make the user GENERATE inputs (not just pick from menus) — the generation effect d≈0.40 is real but ceilings beyond ~900 words and doesn't scale to expository text","kind":"rule","scope":"business","link_type":"depends-on"}]},"created_at":"2026-06-20T19:24:15.963Z","updated_at":"2026-06-20T19:24:15.963Z"}